Pergamonmuseum
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The Pergamonmuseum is one of the most important museums of ancient art and architecture in the world. The museum was built in 1909–30 by Alfred Messel and Ludwig Hoffmann to house Berlin’s collection of antiquities as well as vast temples and palace rooms in their original size. These works of art, excavated by German archaeologists in the Near East at the end of the 19th century, were shown here for the first time.
For more on Berlin museums (see Museums)
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1. Pergamon Altar
The colossal Pergamon Altar, dating from the year 160 BC, is the largest and most important treasure of the Berlin museums. The altar was part of a much larger temple complex in the Greek town of Pergamon (today the town of Bergama in Turkey), excavated in the 19th century by the German archaeologist Carl Humann (see Figures on the Pergamon Altar) .
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2. Market Gate of Miletus
This vast gate (AD 120) is over 16 m (52 ft) high. To the right of the entrance, a hairdresser has carved an advertisement for his shop into the stone.
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3. Assyrian Palace
The interior of this palace from the days of the Assyrian kings (12th century BC) has been completely restored and boasts impressive statues of lions.
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4. Ishtar Gate
The imposing Ishtar Gate and the Processional Way that led to it are fully preserved. The original avenue in ancient Babylon was 180 m (590 ft) long. The gate was built in the 6th century BC, during the reign of Nebuchadnezar II. Original faïence wall tiles depict the sacred lions.
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5. Goddess Persephone
The 5th-century BC Greek statue of the goddess of the underworld sports a mysterious smile, the expressive symbol of her divinity.
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6. Goddess Athena
The beauty ideal prevalent in Greek antiquity is perfectly reflected in this statue’s features. It is one of many valuable and impressive sculptures worth exploring in the collection of antiquities.
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7. Aleppo Room
Dating from the early 17th century, this small room features magnificent wooden cladding taken from the house of a Christian merchant’s family in Syria. A beautiful example of Ottoman architecture, the room originally served as a reception hall.
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8. Roman mosaic
This magnificently executed Roman floor mosaic dates back to the 3rd or 4th century AD. It was excavated in Gerasa in Jordan.
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9. Palace of Mshatta
A gift from Sultan Hamid II to Kaiser Wilhelm II, this desert palace, built in AD 744 in Jordan, has an elaborately decorated southern façade.
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10. Temple of Athena
Dedicated to Athena of Nikephoros, this full-scale temple from the 2nd century BC has a simple yet elegant design.
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