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Puerta del Sol
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Ten streets radiate from this elliptical square, which for most madrileños is the real heart of the city. The name means “Gateway of the Sun” although the actual gateway was demolished in 1570. Of numerous historic events to take place here, the most dramatic occurred during the 1808 insurrection when snipers fired on one of Napoleon’s soldiers, provoking a massacre. Dominating the south side of the square is the 18th-century Casa de Correos, a post office which later became the Ministry of the Interior and the headquarters of General Franco’s secret police. A marker in front of the building indicates “kilómetro cero” , from which all distances in Spain are calculated. In the centre of the square is a statue of Carlos III and, on the corner of Calle del Carmen, a bronze statue of a bear climbing an arbutus tree, the symbol of the city.
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